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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2014-0-5-126-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СВЯЗЬ ВРЕМЕН</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>JOINT OF TIME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Зарождение мобилизационного императива в хозяйственной культуре Древнего Египта: гипотеза демографического давления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Generation of Mobilisation Values in the Economic Culture of Ancient Egypt: the Hypothesis of Population Pressure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">licurg@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Давыдов С.А., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыдов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/100">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/100</self-uri><abstract><p>В VIII-VI тысячелетиях до н. э. вмещающий ландшафт будущего Древнего Египта принял потоки мигрантов из окружающих регионов. Проблема дефицита ресурсов могла быть решена только в результате формирования плановой экономики и мобилизационного императива в хозяйственной культуре. Протоегиптяне в ходе неолитической революции создали новый тип социальной солидарности, основанный на императиве исполнения служебного долга, предполагавший перераспределение ответственности за принятие хозяйственных решений от домохозяйств в пользу менеджериальной аристократии и требовавший широкого распространения практик обязательного участия в общественных работах всех слоев населения. Эта социальная инновация обеспечила создание структурных, культурных и институциональных условий для роста эффективности хозяйства протоегиптян, обеспечив ускоренное разделение труда, существенное повышение его интенсивности и производительности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>States that the future territory of Ancient Egypt took the flows of migrants from the neighbouring regions from the 8th to the 6th millennium BC. The author argues that at that time, the scarcity of resources problem could only be solved by creating a planned economy and the values of mobilisation in the economic culture. During the Neolithic Revolution, the Proto­Egyptians established a new type of social solidarity based on the imperative discharge of duty, which presupposed passing responsibility for making economic decisions from households to managerial aristocracy and widespread demand for compulsory participation in public works for all the population layers. This social innovation has ensured the creation of structural, cultural, and institutional preconditions for the efficient growth of the Proto­Egyptian economy, rapid division of labour, significant increase in its intensity and productivity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неолитическая революция</kwd><kwd>Древний Египет</kwd><kwd>демографическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>производительность труда</kwd><kwd>разделение труда</kwd><kwd>вертикальная интеграция общества</kwd><kwd>хозяйственная культура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Neolithic Revolution</kwd><kwd>Ancient Egypt</kwd><kwd>demographic pressure</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>division of labour</kwd><kwd>vertical integration of society and economic culture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркс К. 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