<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-1-80-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-1079</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАФЕДРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRICULUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Музейные образовательные онлайн-продукты: предпосылки создания и перспективы развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Museum Educational Online Products: Creation Prerequisites and Development Prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-4960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордин</surname><given-names>Валерий Эрнстович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordin</surname><given-names>Valery E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория экономики культуры,заведующий</p><p>Кантемировская ул., д. 3, корп. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 192171, Россия</p><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p>ORCID 0000-0002-6079-4960; SPIN 8514-5440</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>National Research University Higher School of Economics,</p><p>3, Building 1, Kantemirovskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 192171, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0000-0002-6079-4960; SPIN 8514-5440</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gordin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-7275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизова</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория экономики культуры, научный сотрудник</p><p>Кантемировская ул., д. 3, корп. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 192171, Россия</p><p>кандидат исторических наук</p><p>ORCID 0000-0003-1607-7275; SPIN 4566-5029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>National Research University Higher School of Economics,</p><p>3, Building 1, Kantemirovskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 192171, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0000-0003-1607-7275; SPIN 4566-5029</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iasizova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гордин В.Э., Сизова И.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гордин В.Э., Сизова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gordin V.E., Sizova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1079">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1079</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье авторы рассматривают различные образовательные онлайн-продукты, разработанные музеями как самостоятельно, так и в сотрудничестве с образовательными учреждениями. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить пул онлайн-продуктов музеев, включающий массовые открытые онлайн-курсы (МООК), специализированные профессиональные онлайн-курсы, обучающие игры, мобильные приложения и подкасты. Определены преимущества и особенности каждого из видов музейных онлайн-продуктов и перспективы включения их в образовательный процесс.</p><p>Целью исследования являлось выявление активности музеев различных профилей и музейных сообществ в разработке и внедрении образовательных онлайн-продуктов как в собственную образовательную деятельность, которую осуществляет все большее число музеев, так и в процесс формального и неформального образования совместно с реализующими его вузами, школами, учреждениями дополнительного образования. В ходе исследования было установлено, что музеи разрабатывают как традиционные для системы высшего профессионального образования МООК, так и не применяющиеся широко в настоящее время, но перспективные для формального и, особенно, неформального образования такие онлайн-продукты, как обучающие игры, подкасты и мобильные приложения с образовательным контентом. Важным результатом исследования явился вывод о распространенной практике сотрудничества музеев с вузами по поводу совместной разработки онлайн-продуктов, а также о целесообразности развертывания подобной работы с учебными заведениями среднего общего и профессионального образования.</p><p>Проведенный авторами анализ системы музейных образовательных онлайн-продуктов позволил сделать вывод о появлении на рынке онлайн-образования новых игроков — музеев в качестве организаций, создающих и использующих в своей деятельности различные онлайн-ресурсы, в том числе возможные для применения в сфере образования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines online educational products developed by museums both independently and in cooperation with educational institutions. The analysis revealed a pool of museum online products, including mass open online courses (MOOCs), specialized professional online courses (SPOCs), educational games, mobile apps, and podcasts. The authors identify advantages and features of each type of the museum online products (MOPs) and determine the prospects for their inclusion in the educational process.</p><p>The study aims to reveal the activity of different kinds of museums and museum communities in the development and implementation of educational online products both in their own educational activities, carried out by an increasing number of museums, and in the process of formal and non-formal education in cooperation with universities, schools, and further education institutions that implement it. The study discovered that museums develop both MOOCs that are traditional for the system of higher professional education, and educational online products, such as educational games, podcasts, and mobile applications with educational content, that are not widely used at present, but are promising for formal and, especially, non-formal education. An important result of the study was the conclusion about the common practice of cooperation between museums and universities in the joint development of online products, as well as about the feasibility of deploying such work with institutions of secondary general and vocational education.</p><p>The authors’ analysis of the system of museum educational online products allowed us to conclude that new players — museums — have appeared in the online education market in the role of organizations that create and use various online resources in their activities, including those that can be used in the field of education.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>музейное образование</kwd><kwd>музейные онлайн-продукты</kwd><kwd>МООК</kwd><kwd>СПОК</kwd><kwd>обучающие игры</kwd><kwd>мобильные приложения</kwd><kwd>подкасты</kwd><kwd>совместные онлайн-курсы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>museum education</kwd><kwd>museum online products</kwd><kwd>MOOC</kwd><kwd>SPOC</kwd><kwd>educational games</kwd><kwd>mobile applications</kwd><kwd>podcasts</kwd><kwd>joint online courses</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в 2020 году.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article is carried out within the framework of the Fundamental Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics in 2020.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hooper-Greenhill E. Museum and Gallery Education. Leicester : Leicester University Press, 1991. 213 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hooper-Greenhill E. Museum and Gallery Education. Leicester, Leicester University Press Publ., 1991, 213 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">George E.H. Learning in the Museum. London ; New York : Routledge, 1998. 216 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">George E.H. Learning in the Museum. London, New York, Routledge Publ., 1998, 216 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование российского рынка онлайн-образования 2020 / TalentTech, Нетология, EdMarket // EdMarket research : [офиц. сайт]. URL: http://research.edmarket.ru/ (дата обращения: 12.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian Online Education Market Research 2020, EdMarket Research. Available at: http://research.edmarket.ru/ (accessed 12.09.2020) (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Переосмысливая образование : образование как всеобщее благо? / ЮНЕСКО. Париж : ЮНЕСКО, 2015. 96 с. URL: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232555_rus/PDF/232555rus.pdf.multi (дата обращения: 08.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereosmyslivaya obrazovanie: obrazovanie kak vseobshchee blago? [Rethinking Education: Towards a Global Common Good?], Paris, UNESCO Publ., 2015, 96 p. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232555_rus/PDF/232555rus.pdf.multi (accessed 08.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chong C., Smith D. Interactive Learning Units on Museum Websites // Journal of Museum Education. 2017. Vol. 42, Issue 2 : Identifying and Transforming Racism in Museum Education. Р. 169—178. DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2017.1301626.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chong C., Smith D. Interactive Learning Units on Museum Websites, Journal of Museum Education, 2017, vol. 42, issue 2: Identifying and Transforming Racism in Museum Education, pp. 169—178. DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2017.1301626.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонов А. Музейный сайт как инструмент музейного просвещения // Музей как пространство образования: игра, диалог, культура участия / отв. ред. А. Щербакова ; сост. Н. Копелянская. Москва, 2012. С. 124—138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artamonov A. Museum Website as a Tool for Museum Enlightenment, Muzei kak prostranstvo obrazovaniya: igra, dialog, kul’tura uchastiya [Museum as a Space of Education: Game, Dialogue, Culture of Participation]. Moscow, 2012, pp. 124—138 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ology : The Science Website for Kids // The American Museum of Natural History : [офиц. сайт]. URL: https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology (дата обращения: 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ology: The Science Website for Kids, The American Museum of Natural History. Available at: https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology (accessed 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tate Kids [арт-сайт для детей] // Tate : [офиц. сайт]. URL: https://www.tate.org.uk/kids (дата обращения: 28.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tate Kids, Tate. Available at: https://www.tate.org.uk/kids (accessed 28.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahani L., Economou M., Nikonanou N. Museums Curating Online Content Using Web 2.0: Making Cultural Production More Democratic? // The Annual Conference of the International Documentation Committee of the International Council of Museums, (Athens, September 15—18, 2008) : [материалы конференции]. URL: http://cidoc.mini.icom.museum/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/12/40_papers.pdf (дата обращения: 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahani L., Economou M., Nikonanou N. Museums Curating Online Content Using Web 2.0: Making Cultural Production More Democratic? The Annual Conference of the International Documentation Committee of the International Council of Museums, (Athens, September 15—18, 2008). Available at: http://cidoc.mini.icom.museum/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2018/12/40_papers.pdf (accessed 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bocatius B. Education And Learning in Museums 2.0 — German Museums and the WEB 2.0 // Kunstgeschichte : Open Peer Reviewed Journal, 15 June 2011. URL: https://www.kunstgeschichte-ejournal.net/166/ (дата обращения: 06.03.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bocatius B. Education And Learning in Museums 2.0 — German Museums and the WEB 2.0, Kunstgeschichte: Open Peer Reviewed Journal, 15 June 2011. Available at: https://www.kunstgeschichte-ejournal.net/166/ (accessed 06.03.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eid H. Digital Social Innovation and the Evolving Role of Digital in Museums // The 23rd Annual Museums and the Web Conference, (Boston, April 2—6, 2019) : [материалы конференции]. URL: https://mw19.mwconf.org/paper/digital-social-innovation-and-the-evolving-role-of-digital-in-museums/ (дата обращения: 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eid H. Digital Social Innovation and the Evolving Role of Digital in Museums, The 23rd Annual Museums and the Web Conference, (Boston, April 2—6, 2019). Available at: https://mw19.mwconf.org/paper/digital-social-innovation-and-the-evolving-role-of-digital-in-museums/ (accessed 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verboom J., Arora P. Museum 2.0: a Study into the Culture of Expertise within the Museum Blogosphere // First Monday. 5 August 2013. Vol. 18, № 8. URL: https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/4538/3735 (дата обращения: 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verboom J., Arora P. Museum 2.0: a Study into the Culture of Expertise within the Museum Blogosphere, First Monday, 5 August 2013, vol. 18, no. 8. Available at: https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/4538/3735 (accessed 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howes D. To MOOC or Not to MOOC? MoMA Says YES // The Museum of Modern Art : [офиц. сайт], 13 July 2013. URL: https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2013/07/08/to-mooc-or-not-to-mooc-moma-says-yes/ (дата обращения: 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howes D. To MOOC or Not to MOOC? MoMA Says YES, The Museum of Modern Art, 13 July 2013. Available at: https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2013/07/08/to-mooc-or-not-to-mooc-moma-says-yes/ (accessed 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алферов А.И., Греф А.Э., Скилова С.Ю., Слонимская Е.А., Афанасьев А.Г. Мир русской избы и русской игрушки : [онлайн-курс] // Образование на русском : портал / Гос. ун-т русск. языка им. А.С. Пушкина. URL: https://pushkininstitute.ru/external_courses/11 (дата обращения: 28.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alferov A.I., Gref A.E., Skilova S.Yu., Slonimskaya E.A., Afanasyev A.G. The World of Russian Huts and Russian Toys, Obrazovanie na russkom: portal [Education in Russian: portal]. Available at: https://pushkininstitute.ru/external_courses/11 (accessed 28.09.2020) (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krasnoshchekova L., Ananieva L., Martynova T. Myths and Facts About Rocks [онлайн-курс] // Iversity : [образовательная платформа]. URL: https://iversity.org/en/courses/myths-and-realities-of-stone (дата обращения: 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnoshchekova L., Ananieva L., Martynova T. Myths and Facts About Rocks, Iversity. Available at: https://iversity.org/en/courses/myths-and-realities-of-stone (accessed 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charr M. How Museums are Using Minecraft to Gamify Learning Experiences // MuseumNext : Museum News, Jobs and Magazine, 17 November 2019. URL: https://www.museumnext.com/article/minecrafting-the-museum/ (дата обращения: 18.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charr M. How Museums are Using Minecraft to Gamify Learning Experiences, MuseumNext: Museum News, Jobs and Magazine, 17 November 2019. Available at: https://www.museumnext.com/article/minecrafting-the-museum/ (accessed 18.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelly L., Bowan A. Gamifying the Museum: Educational Games for Learning // The 18th Annual Museums and the Web Conference (Daejeon and Seoul, October 7—10, 2014) : [материалы конференции]. URL: https://mwa2014.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/gamifying-the-museum-educational-games-for-learning/ (дата обращения: 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelly L., Bowan A. Gamifying the Museum: Educational Games for Learning, The 18th Annual Museums and the Web Conference, (Daejeon and Seoul, October 7—10, 2014). Available at: https://mwa2014.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/gamifying-the-museum-educational-games-for-learning/ (accessed 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fornasari A. When the Museum Turns into a Mixed Reality Lab. Augmented Reality and Learning Processes // 11th International Conference on Technology, Education and Development (INTED) (Valencia, March 6—8, 2017) : [материалы конференции]. Р. 9660—9665. DOI: 10.21125/inted.2017.2279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fornasari A. When the Museum Turns into a Mixed Reality Lab. Augmented Reality and Learning Processes, 11th International Conference on Technology, Education and Development (INTED) (Valencia, March 6—8, 2017), pp. 9660—9665. DOI: 10.21125/inted.2017.2279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hethmon H. Podcasting in 2019: An Introduction for Museums // The 23rd Annual Museums and the Web Conference (Boston, April 2—6, 2019) : [материалы конференции]. URL: https://mw19.mwconf.org/paper/podcasting-in-2019-an-introduction-for-museums/ (дата обращения: 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hethmon H. Podcasting in 2019: An Introduction for Museums, The 23rd Annual Museums and the Web Conference (Boston, April 2—6, 2019). Available at: https://mw19.mwconf.org/paper/podcasting-in-2019-an-introduction-for-museums/ (accessed 10.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coates C. What can Massive Open Online Courses do for Museums? // MuseumNext : Museum News, Jobs and Magazine, 21 February 2019. URL: https://www.museumnext.com/article/what-can-moocs-do-for-museums/ (дата обращения: 18.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coates C. What can Massive Open Online Courses do for Museums? MuseumNext: Museum News, Jobs and Magazine, 21 February 2019. Available at: https://www.museumnext.com/article/what-can-moocs-do-for-museums/ (accessed 18.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parry R., Moseley A., Gretton N., Tunstall R., Mobbs M. Why MOOCs Matter: The Consequence of Massive Open Online Courses for Museums, Universities, and Their Publics // The 20th Annual Museums and the Web Conference (Los Angeles, April 6—9, 2016) : [материалы конференции]. URL: https://mw2016.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/why-moocs-matter-the-consequence-of-massive-open-online-courses-for-museums-universities-and-their-publics/ (дата обращения: 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parry R., Moseley A., Gretton N., Tunstall R., Mobbs M. Why MOOCs Matter: The Consequence of Massive Open Online Courses for Museums, Universities, and Their Publics, The 20th Annual Museums and the Web Conference (Los Angeles, April 6—9, 2016). Available at: https://mw2016.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/why-moocs-matter-the-consequence-of-massive-open-online-courses-for-museums-universities-and-their-publics/ (accessed 06.09.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
