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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-5-496-505</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-1213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАСЛЕДИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HERITAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Голландский цветочный натюрморт XVII века: интерес и забвение на протяжении столетий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dutch Flower Still Life of 17th Century: Interest and Oblivion through the Centuries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2860-2487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>факультет теории и истории изобразительного искусства, кафедра зарубежного искусства, соискатель</p><p>Университетская наб., д. 17, Санкт-Петербург, 199034, Россия</p><p>ORCID 0000-0003-2860-2487; SPIN 9939-1968</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>17, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0000-0003-2860-2487; SPIN 9939-1968</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pp_olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургская академия художеств им. Ильи Репина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilya Repin St. Petersburg Academy of Arts</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>496</fpage><lpage>505</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кулакова О.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулакова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulakova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1213">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1213</self-uri><abstract><p>На протяжении трех с половиной веков жанр цветочного натюрморта, созданного голландскими мастерами, переживал взлеты интереса и забвение: максимальную оценку общества в виде высоких гонораров художников в XVII в., критику ценителей и теоретиков искусств, пренебрежение в XIX в., взлет аукционных цен и пристальное внимание искусствоведов, проявившееся с середины XX в. до настоящих дней. В середине XVII в. уже существовала иерархия жанров, связанная и с сюжетом, и с размером картин, что отражалось на цене. Натюрморты вместе с пейзажами стоили дешевле аллегорических и исторических сцен, но были и исключения, например в творчестве Яна Брейгеля Старшего и Яна Давидса де Хема. Теоретики искусства Виллем ван Хоогстратен и Арнольд Хоубракен, опираясь на академические вкусы, принижали значимость натюрморта, тогда как сами художники, определяя ценностные опоры своей живописи, стремились к максимальному натурализму, и такие картины прекрасно продавались.</p><p>В XX в. этот жанр привлекал внимание коллекционеров Европы и США. Возрождение интереса к голландским натюрмортам вообще и цветочным в частности началось с XX в., картины дорожали на аукционах, а их коллекционирование стало почти модой. Художественными обществами и арт-дилерами Нидерландов и Бельгии было организовано несколько небольших выставок натюрмортов. Заданный Ингваром Бергстрёмом курс на изучение символических посланий в натюрмортах продолжает Эдди де Йонг и подчеркивает многообразный характер символизма в голландской живописи XVII века. Светлана Альперс, напротив, критикует иконологический метод и представляет живопись Нидерландов этого периода как пример визуальной культуры. Взгляд Нормана Брайсона на голландский натюрморт формируется на фоне развития общества потребления, экономического процветания и изобилия. Наконец, в исследованиях последних двадцати лет проявляется все больший интерес к естественно-научному аспекту натюрмортов. Любознательность, мастерство и восхищение природой — эти импульсы до сих пор чувствуются в изображениях букетов и фруктов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over three and a half centuries, the genre of flower still life created by Dutch artists experienced ups of interest and oblivion. There were the maximum assessment of society in the form of high fees of the 17th century artists; the criticism of connoisseurs and art theorists; the neglect in the 19th century and the rise of auction prices and close attention of art critics, manifested from the middle of the 20th century to the present day. In the middle of the 17th century, there was already a hierarchy of genres, based on both the subject and the size of the paintings, which was reflected in the price. Still lifes and landscapes were cheaper than allegorical and historical scenes, but there were exceptions, for example, in the works of Jan Brueghel the Elder and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Art theorists Willem van Hoogstraten and Arnold Houbraken, resting upon academic tastes, downplayed the importance of still-life painting. Meanwhile, the artists themselves, determining the worth of their paintings, sought for maximum naturalism, and such paintings were sold well.</p><p>In the 20th century, this genre attracted the attention of collectors in Europe and the United States. A revival of interest in Dutch still lifes in general, and in flower ones in particular, began in the 20th century, the paintings rose in price at auctions, and collecting them became almost a fashion. Art societies and art dealers of the Netherlands and Belgium organized several small exhibitions of still lifes. The course for studying symbolic messages in still lifes, presented by Ingvar Bergström, is continued by Eddie de Jong, who emphasizes the diverse nature of symbolism in Dutch painting of the 17th century. Svetlana Alpers, on the contrary, criticizes the iconological method and presents the Dutch painting of that period as an example of visual culture. Norman Bryson’s view of Dutch still lifes is formed against the background of the development of a consumer society, economic prosperity and abundance. Finally, there has been an increasing interest in the natural science aspects of flower still-life painting in the researches of the last twenty years. Curiosity, skill, and admiration for nature are the impulses that can still be felt in the images of bouquets and fruits.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>голландский натюрморт</kwd><kwd>цветочный натюрморт</kwd><kwd>теория и история искусства</kwd><kwd>голландская живопись XVII века</kwd><kwd>натюрморт</kwd><kwd>изобразительное искусство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Dutch still life</kwd><kwd>flower still life</kwd><kwd>history and theory of art</kwd><kwd>Dutch painting of the 17th century</kwd><kwd>still life</kwd><kwd>fine art</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenninkmeijer-De Rooij B. Roots of seventeenth-century flower painting: miniatures, plant books, paintings. Leiden: Primavera Pers, 1996. 96 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenninkmeijer-De Rooij B. 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