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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2023-20-2-164-176</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-1549</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИМЕНА. ПОРТРЕТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NAMES. PORTRAITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От заказчика к зрителю: заказы канцлера Никола Ролена в мастерских Яна ван Эйка и Рогира ван дер Вейдена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From Patron to Spectator: Chancellor Nicolas Rolin’s Orders in the Workshops of Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забродина</surname><given-names>Елена Альбертовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabrodina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российский институт театрального искусства – ГИТИС,кафедра изобразительного искусства,старший преподаватель</p><p>Малый Кисловский пер., д. 6, Москва, 125009, Россия</p><p>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова,кафедра всеобщей истории искусств,соискатель</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва, 119234, Россия</p><p>ORCID 0000-0001-8805-8300; SPIN 4667-4435</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Russian Institute of Theatre Arts (GITIS),6 Maly Kislovsky Lane, Moscow, 125009, Russia</p><p>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,1 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, 119234, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0000-0001-8805-8300; SPIN 4667-4435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Elena.Zabrodina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский институт театрального искусства – ГИТИС;Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Institute of Theatre Arts (GITIS);M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Забродина Е.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Забродина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zabrodina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1549">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1549</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются заказы канцлера герцога Бургундского Никола Ролена, сделанные в двух важнейших живописных мастерских южной части нидерландских провинций в первой половине XV века: «Мадонна канцлера Ролена», созданная Яном ван Эйком в 1435 г., и «Страшный суд», написанный Рогиром ван дер Вейденом спустя десятилетие. Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью реконструкции разных пластов восприятия зрителем вышеуказанных произведений с учетом того, что их первоначальное и текущее месторасположения не совпадают. Церковь Нотр-Дам-дю-Шатель, где хранилась «Мадонна канцлера Ролена», была разрушена во время Великой французской революции. Госпиталь в Боне, для которого предназначался «Страшный суд», хотя и сохранился до наших дней, однако полиптих Р. ван дер Вейдена сейчас экспонируется не в пространстве капеллы Роленов. Это изменение размещения алтарных композиций усиливает сложность прочтения иконографических программ произведений. Новизна статьи заключается в рассмотрении истории заказов канцлера, его биографии, а также политического, социального и религиозного контекста эпохи с целью выделить смысловые пласты в работах Яна ван Эйка и Р. ван дер Вейдена. Применение метода рецептивной эстетики позволяет проанализировать, как воспринимали алтари, заказанные Н. Роленом, обычные прихожане, пациенты госпиталя, а также сам канцлер и его супруга. Существующие гипотезы, касающиеся символизма отдельных предметов и фигур на алтарях, рассмотрены с точки зрения разницы восприятия донатором и другими зрителями этих произведений. Реализация проектов благочестия Никола Ролена в Отёне и Боне сочетается с политическим и социальным посланием канцлера своим недоброжелателям в придворных кругах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the orders that Nicolas Rolin, Chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy, made in two main painting workshops of the southern Netherlands in the first half of the 15th century: “Madonna of Chancellor Rolin”, created by Jan van Eyck in 1435, and “The Last Judgment”, made by Rogier van der Weyden about ten years later. The article is relevant because of the need to reconstruct different layers of the viewer’s perception of the above-mentioned works, taking into account the fact that their original location was different from the current one. The church of Notre-Dame du Châtel, which kept the “Madonna of Chancellor Rolin”, was demolished during the Great French Revolution. Although the hospital in Beaune, for which “The Last Judgment” was intended, has survived to this day, however, the polyptych by R. van der Weyden is not currently displayed in the space of the Rolin Chapel. Such alteration in the placement of altar compositions increases the numbers of barriers to reading the paintings’ iconographic programs. The novelty of the article lies in examining the history of the Chancellor’s orders, his biography, as well as the political, social and religious context of the era in order to highlight the semantic layers in the works by Jan van Eyck and R. van der Weyden. The method of receptive aesthetics may help to analyze how the altars ordered by N. Rolin were perceived by ordinary church visitors, hospital patients, as well as the Chancellor himself and his wife. The article examines the existing hypotheses concerning the symbolic meaning of specific objects and figures on altars from the point of view of the difference in the perception of donators and other viewers of these works. The devotional projects implemented by Nicolas Rolin in Autun and Beaune are accompanied by the Chancellor’s political and social message to his enemies at the court.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранняя нидерландская живопись</kwd><kwd>северный Ренессанс</kwd><kwd>Ян ван Эйк</kwd><kwd>Рогир ван дер Вейден</kwd><kwd>канцлер Никола Ролен</kwd><kwd>изобразительное искусство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early Netherlandish painting</kwd><kwd>Northern Renaissance</kwd><kwd>Jan van Eyck</kwd><kwd>Rogier van der Weyden</kwd><kwd>Chancellor Nicolas Rolin</kwd><kwd>fine art</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corpus of 15th-Century Painting in the Former Southern Netherlands (CVP 17) / ed. by M. Comblen-Sonkes, P. Lorentz. Le musée national du Louvre. 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