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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2023-20-5-526-535</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-1681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИМЕНА. ПОРТРЕТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NAMES. PORTRAITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Томас Бьюик — гравер, издатель, инноватор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thomas Bewick — Engraver, Publisher, Innovator</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-1662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyreva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отдел комплектования информационными ресурсами,главный библиотекарь-каталогизатор</p><p>Знаменка ул., д. 11/11, Москва, 119991, Россия</p><p>кандидат педагогических наук</p><p>ORCID 0000-0003-1992-1662; SPIN 5592-2059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11/11 Znamenka str., Moscow, 119991, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0000-0003-1992-1662; SPIN 5592-2059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">I-Boldyreva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Библиотека по естественным наукам Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Library for Natural Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>526</fpage><lpage>535</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Болдырева И.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болдырева И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boldyreva I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1681">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1681</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена проблеме пересмотра оценки творчества выдающегося британского гравера и издателя Томаса Бьюика. Традиционно оно рассматривается в русле общей истории развития гравюры, в основном не связанной ни с анималистикой, ни с научными изданиями. В связи с этим произведения Т. Бьюика, обладающие художественной значимостью, относятся к естественно-научным иллюстрациям и включены в научно-популярные издания. Ошибочность оценки его работ связана с распространенным стереотипом, в рамках которого научная иллюстрация считается чем-то низкохудожественным. В задачи настоящего исследования входит рассмотрение генезиса творчества Т. Бьюика с опорой на анализ его основных работ. Особый интерес представляет изучение художественных особенностей техники торцовой гравюры, которая благодаря Т. Бьюику обрела новую жизнь.</p><p>Прослежена эволюция творчества гравера, начиная с раннего этапа и заканчивая зрелым периодом, отмечена многогранность таланта Т. Бьюика в качестве не только гравера книжных иллюстраций, но и владельческих книжных знаков. Приведена характеристика техники торцовой гравюры, раскрываются инновационные приемы, благодаря которым Т. Бьюик вывел данный вид книжного иллюстрирования на новый уровень. Опираясь на мемуары Т. Бьюика, автор прослеживает историю создания его основных книг — «Всеобщей истории четвероногих» и «Истории британских птиц». Показано, что несмотря на использование собственных эскизов, дополнительными источниками при составлении Т. Бьюиком «Истории британских птиц» послужили иллюстрации из книг Ж. Бюффона и Г. Уайта. Дается анализ гравюр из этих изданий, которые хранятся в фондах научно-исследовательского отдела редких книг (Музея книги) Российской государственной библиотеки. Рассмотрены структурные особенности очерков «Всеобщей истории четвероногих». Особое внимание уделено стилю виньеток, которые являются неотъемлемой частью творческого кредо Т. Бьюика. Раскрываются такие черты иллюстраций Т. Бьюика, как реалистичность и использование юмористических жанровых сценок и шуток. Автор отмечает, что на позднем этапе творчества Т. Бьюик редко применяет черную перекрестную штриховку, используя вместо этого сочетание широких полей и тщательно выгравированных белых пятен. Выявлены наиболее существенные черты гравирования Т. Бьюика: принцип «белой линии», штриховка перекрестными и параллельными линиями, создание полутонов с помощью тончайших штрихов и мельчайших точек. Подчеркивается, что несмотря на то что иллюстрации Т. Бьюика публиковались в научно-популярных изданиях, благодаря высокохудожественному исполнению они оказали влияние на развитие научной иллюстрации. Делается вывод о том, что техника торцовой гравюры позволила моделировать объем изображения посредством белого штриха.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the problem of revising assessment of the work of the outstanding British engraver and publisher Thomas Bewick. Traditionally, it is considered in the context of the general history of engraving development, mostly not connected with either animalistics or scientific editions. In this regard, T. Bewick’s works of artistic significance belong to natural-scientific illustrations and are used in popular science editions. The erroneous assessment of his works is associated with a widespread stereotype in which scientific illustration is considered as something of low artistic value. The purpose of this research is to study the genesis of T. Bewick’s creativity by analyzing his main works. Of particular interest is the research of the artistic features of woodcut technique, which, thanks to T. Bewick, has found a new life. It is traced the evolution of the engraver’s work from his early period to mature one. The complexity of Bewick’s talent is noted not only as an engraver of book illustrations, but also as an engraver of bookplates. The characteristic of the technique of cutting a design into hardwood cut across is given, the innovative methods thanks to which Bewick has brought this type of an engraving to a new level of book illustration are revealed. Based on the memoirs of Bewick, the author traces the history of the creation of his main books — “A General History of the Quadrupeds” and “A History of British Birds”. It is noted that illustrations by G. Buffon and H. White served as additional sources for “A History of British Birds” despite the use of his own sketches. The author analyses the illustrations and engravings from these books, which are kept in the collections of the Research and Scientific Department of Rare Books (Museum of Book) of the Russian State Library. The structural features of the brief descriptions of “A General History of the Quadrupeds” are considered. Particular attention is paid to the style of the vignettes, which present an integral part of Bewick’s creative credo. Such features of Bewick’s illustrations as realism, as well as the depiction of humorous genre scenes and jokes are revealed. The author notes that at a late stage of Bewick’s art work he rarely uses black cross-hatching, using instead combinations of the wide fields and carefully engraved white spots. The most essential features of Bewick’s engraving are revealed: the principle of “white line”, hatching with crossed and parallel lines, creation of halftones with very thin strokes and tiny dots. It is emphasized that although Bewick’s illustrations have been published in popular scientific publications, they have influenced the development of scientific illustration through their highly artistic execution. It is concluded that woodcut technique allowed to simulate the volume of an image by means of a white stroke.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Т. Бьюик</kwd><kwd>торцовая гравюра</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>искусство книги</kwd><kwd>оформление книги</kwd><kwd>иллюстрация</kwd><kwd>анималистика</kwd><kwd>Российская государственная библиотека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>T. Bewick</kwd><kwd>wood engraving</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>book art</kwd><kwd>book design</kwd><kwd>illustration</kwd><kwd>animalistics</kwd><kwd>Russian State Library</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Келейников И.В. 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