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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2025-22-2-202-209</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-1838</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ORBIS LITTERARUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интертекстуальная поэтика романа «4321» Пола Остера: диалог писателей и режиссеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Intertextual Poetics of Paul Auster’s 4321: A Dialogue Between Writers and Filmmakers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-7395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулятьева</surname><given-names>Дина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulyatyeva</surname><given-names>Dina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>факультет гуманитарных наук, Школа философии и культурологии,доцент</p><p>Мясницкая ул., д. 20, Москва, 101000, Россия</p><p>кандидат филологических наук</p><p>ORCID 0000-0001-7498-7395; SPIN 1392-8196</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Myasnitskaya Str., Moscow, 101000, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0000-0001-7498-7395; SPIN 1392-8196</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dshulyatyeva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>202</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шулятьева Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шулятьева Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulyatyeva D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1838">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1838</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена интертекстуальная поэтика романа «4321» (2017) П. Остера (1947—2024). «4321» — последний большой роман американского классика, в котором последовательно раскрывается интерес писателя к диалогу с литераторами-предшественниками, но в не меньшей степени и с кинорежиссерами: классиками и современниками. В статье показано, что этот диалог литературы и кино строится вокруг метафоры «расходящиеся тропки», предложенной еще Х.Л. Борхесом, а затем активно воспринятой в культуре второй половины XX и начала XXI века. Расходящиеся тропки — это всегда вариации. С одной стороны, это принцип, в соответствии с которым устроено повествование романа: в нем последовательно, один за другим предстают альтернативные варианты развития событий. Такая нарративная форма сближает П. Остера с польским режиссером К. Кесьлёвским (1941—1996), фильмами которого он вдохновлялся. В то же время расходящиеся тропки проявляют себя в способе варьирования, который задействован автором при создании героев, в использовании жанровых конвенций, в соотнесении разных событий между собой. Подобные вариации позволяют размышлять о том, что только могло бы случиться с героем, но что в действительности с ним не произошло. Таким образом, они позволяют сместить акцент со «сбывшегося» на «несбывшееся» и «несвершившееся». Отмечается, что в своем преломлении идеи расходящихся тропок П. Остер неизбежно вступает в диалог с другими писателями и режиссерами — своими предшественниками и современниками, размышлявшими на схожие темы (Р. Фростом, Х. Кортасаром, Ж.-Л. Годаром, М. Антониони). Он заимствует повествовательные принципы, приемы и создаваемые ими эффекты, но многое изобретает и сам, превращая свой роман в плотную интертекстуальную сеть, внутри которой читателю предстоит найти свой путь, и это читательское движение тоже будет напоминать путешествие по «саду расходящихся тропок». Настоящее исследование расширяет представления о проблеме интертекста современного романа в контексте диалогичности литературы и кино.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The intertextual poetics of the novel “4321” (2017) by P. Auster (1947—2024) is considered. “4321” is the last great novel of the American classicist, which consistently reveals the writer’s interest in dialogue with literary predecessors, but to no lesser extent with filmmakers: classics and contemporaries. The article shows that this dialogue between literature and cinema is built around the metaphor of “forking paths” proposed by J.L. Borges and then actively adopted in the culture of the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Forking paths are always variations. On the one hand, this is the principle according to which the novel’s narrative is organized: in it, alternative versions of the development of events are presented one after another. This narrative form brings P. Auster closer to the Polish Director K. Kieslowski (1941—1996), whose films he was inspired by. At the same time, the forking paths manifest themselves in the way the author varies the characters, in the use of genre conventions, in the correlation of different events with each other. Such variations allow us to reflect on what just might have happened to the protagonist, but what did not actually happen to him. Thus, they allow us to shift the emphasis from the “realized” to the “unrealized” and “unfulfilled”. It is noted that in his refraction of the idea of forking paths, Auster inevitably enters into a dialogue with other writers and directors — his predecessors and contemporaries who reflected on similar themes (R. Frost, H. Cortázar, J.-L. Godard, M. Antonioni). He borrows narrative principles, techniques and the effects they create, but he invents much himself, turning his novel into a dense intertextual network within which the reader will have to find his way, and this reader’s movement will also resemble a journey through “The Garden of Forking Paths”. The present study expands our understanding of the problem of the intertext of the contemporary novel in the context of the dialogicality of literature and cinema.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусствоведение</kwd><kwd>экранные искусства</kwd><kwd>современное искусство</kwd><kwd>литература</kwd><kwd>кино</kwd><kwd>культурная традиция</kwd><kwd>роман</kwd><kwd>нарратив</kwd><kwd>Пол Остер</kwd><kwd>Хорхе Луис Борхес</kwd><kwd>Кшиштоф Кесьлёвский</kwd><kwd>Роберт Фрост</kwd><kwd>расходящиеся тропки</kwd><kwd>разветвленное повествование</kwd><kwd>разветвление</kwd><kwd>вариативность</kwd><kwd>интертекстуальность</kwd><kwd>интермедийность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>art history</kwd><kwd>screen arts</kwd><kwd>contemporary art</kwd><kwd>literature</kwd><kwd>cinema</kwd><kwd>cultural tradition</kwd><kwd>novel</kwd><kwd>narrative</kwd><kwd>Paul Auster</kwd><kwd>Jorge Luis Borges</kwd><kwd>Krzysztof Kieslowski</kwd><kwd>Robert Frost</kwd><kwd>forking paths</kwd><kwd>branching narrative</kwd><kwd>branching</kwd><kwd>variation</kwd><kwd>intertextuality</kwd><kwd>intermediality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merivale P., Sweeney S. 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