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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2026-23-2-164-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-1959</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИМЕНА. ПОРТРЕТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NAMES. PORTRAITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Типология итальянских женских автопортретов XVI века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Typology of Italian Female Self-Portraits of the 16th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9944-4500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>факультет истории искусства,</p><p>кафедра теории и истории искусства,</p><p>магистратура,</p><p>Миусская пл., д. 6, Москва, 125047, Россия</p><p>ORCID 0009-0002-9944-4500; SPIN 6753-5492</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p><p>ORCID 0009-0002-9944-4500; SPIN 6753-5492</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Novikov.kate@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1959">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/1959</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование женского изобразительного искусства с каждым годом получает все большее внимание специалистов. Однако среди множества аспектов творчества художниц (в частности, XVI в.) автопортреты остаются сравнительно малоизученной областью. Существующие работы, посвященные женским автопортретам того времени, немногочисленны и чаще всего представлены отдельными статьями, что затрудняет целостное осмысление проблемы. Его отсутствие приводит к обобщениям, которые не всегда отражают сложность и многогранность художественной практики женщин-художниц.</p><p>Настоящее исследование сосредоточено на систематическом анализе автопортретов итальянских художниц XVI в., рассматриваемых не только как разновидность портретного жанра, но и как источник понимания социальной, профессиональной и культурной позиции женщин того времени. Его актуальность обусловлена недостаточной изученностью темы и необходимостью выработки комплексного подхода, учитывающего биографические, эстетические и исторические аспекты. Целью исследования является создание типологии автопортретов итальянских художниц XVI в., позволяющей глубже раскрыть специфику женских автопортретов и определить их место в художественной традиции эпохи.</p><p>Проведенный типологический анализ автопортретов показал, что основным их типом является образ благородной дамы, образованной и добродетельной женщины благородного происхождения, обладающей как внешней, так и духовной красотой. Другим, хотя и не столь многочисленным типом можно назвать автопортрет художницы в образе святой или в образе библейского персонажа. Самым редким в итальянской живописи XVI в. типом стал профессиональный женский автопортрет, представляющий модель в образе художника. Внимательный типологический анализ женских автопортретов XVI в. ставит под сомнение распространенный в научной литературе тезис об их уникальности в контексте эпохи: образы художниц, за исключением нескольких случаев, вполне соответствуют традициям женской портретной живописи своего времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of female visual art is increasingly gaining attention from specialists in the field. However, among the many aspects of female artists’ work (particularly in the 16th century), self-portraits remain a relatively understudied area. Existing works devoted to female self-portraits of that period are few and often presented in isolated articles, making it difficult to fully understand the topic. This leads to general conclusions that do not always reflect the complexity and multifaceted nature of female artistic practice.</p><p>This study focuses on a systematic analysis of self-portraits by 16th-century Italian female artists, examining them not only as a form of portraiture but also as a source of insight into the social, professional, and cultural position of women of the time. Its relevance stems from the insufficient research on this topic and the need to develop a comprehensive approach that considers biographical, aesthetic, and historical aspects. The aim of the study is to create a typology of self-portraits by 16th-century Italian female artists, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the specific features of female self-portraits and their place within the artistic tradition of the era.</p><p>A typological analysis of the self-portraits revealed that the dominant type is the image of a noble lady — an educated and virtuous gentlewoman, possessing both external and spiritual beauty. Another, though less common, type is the artist’s self-portrait as a saint or biblical heroine. The rarest type in 16th-century Italian painting was the professional female self-portrait, depicting the model as the artist.</p><p>A careful typological analysis of 16th-century female self-portraits challenges the widespread thesis in scholarly literature regarding their uniqueness within the context of the era: with a few exceptions, the artists’ images are entirely consistent with the traditions of female portraiture of their time.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история и теория искусства</kwd><kwd>искусствоведение</kwd><kwd>изобразительное искусство</kwd><kwd>автопортрет</kwd><kwd>Ренессанс</kwd><kwd>Италия</kwd><kwd>XVI век</kwd><kwd>Софонисба Ангвиссола</kwd><kwd>Лавиния Фонтана</kwd><kwd>Барбара Лонги</kwd><kwd>Мариэтта Робусти</kwd><kwd>Феде Галиция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history and theory of art</kwd><kwd>art criticism</kwd><kwd>fine arts</kwd><kwd>self-portrait</kwd><kwd>Renaissance</kwd><kwd>Italy</kwd><kwd>16th century</kwd><kwd>Sofonisba Anguissola</kwd><kwd>Lavinia Fontana</kwd><kwd>Barbara Longhi</kwd><kwd>Marietta Robusti</kwd><kwd>Fede Galizia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гращенков В.Н. 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