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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-3-4-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-237</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТЕКСТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTEXT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Воплощенность личности и инклюзия»: медитации постороннего</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняк</surname><given-names>Лион Семенович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyak</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Массачусетский общий госпиталь</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черняк Л.С., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черняк Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernyak L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/237">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/237</self-uri><abstract><p>С позиции философа, работающего в области онтологических основ антропологии, представлено в целом довольно негативное отношение к понятию воплощения, предложена положительно сформулированная альтернатива. В качестве альтернативы понятию человека как существа воплощенного предлагается положительно сформулированное понятие человека как существа телесного. Предложено понимание культуры как воплощения индивида, а также здоровья (целостности организма), нормы и болезни, которые выстраиваются на основе предлагаемого понятия человека телесного.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective (by Leon Chernyak). The article considers the problem of inclusion from the point of view of a philosopher working in the area of ontological anthropology. Proceeding from this ontological perspective, it argues that the notion of a human being as the embodiment of culture (and, consequently, of the human individual as an embodied entity) constitutes the major obstacle for the development of a theoretically consistent conceptual framework for the intuitive notion of inclusion of people with disabilities. The notion of a human individual as a corporeal (or bodily) entity is proposed as an alternative to the notion of human individual as an embodied entity. On the basis of the notion of the human individual as a corporeal (bodily) entity, the concept of culture as the only form of objectification of the human mode of being is proposed, and, in its turn, on the basis of this concept of culture the following concepts are formulated: health (the integrity of the organism), medical norm, and disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воплощение</kwd><kwd>воплощенность человека</kwd><kwd>потребность</kwd><kwd>способность</kwd><kwd>ограниченные способности</kwd><kwd>культура</kwd><kwd>целостность организма</kwd><kwd>норма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Embodiment</kwd><kwd>Human Individuality as Embodiment</kwd><kwd>Necessity</kwd><kwd>Ability</kwd><kwd>Limited Abilities</kwd><kwd>Culture</kwd><kwd>the Integrity of the Organism</kwd><kwd>Medical Norm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шеманов А.Ю. 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