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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">observatoria</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обсерватория культуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Observatory of Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2588-0047</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/2072-3156-2017-14-6-702-709</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">observatoria-560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИМЕНА. ПОРТРЕТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NAMES. PORTRAITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная музыка  композитора Джона Кейджа и проблемы  американского музыкального авангарда  ХХ века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Composer John Cage’s   Experimental Music and the Problems   of the American Musical Avant­Garde   of the 20th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липов</surname><given-names>Анатолий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipov</surname><given-names>Anatoly N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Николаевич Липов, сектор эстетики, научный сотрудник, кандидат философских наук</p><p>Гончарная ул., д. 12, корп. 1, Москва, 109240</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">antolip@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>702</fpage><lpage>709</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Липов А.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Липов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lipov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/560">https://observatoria.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/560</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются идейно-теоретические и экспериментальные основания творчества одного из наиболее радикальных композиторов американского музыкального авангарда ХХ в. Джона Милтона Кейджа (1912—1992), охватывающего область воплощения идеи свободной музыкальной композиции, где в равном положении оказываются звук и шум, звук и молчание, а также эксперименты Кейджа, повлиявшие на мир танца, изобразительного искусства, театра, оперы, альтернативного рока. Освещаются взаимоотношения Дж. Кейджа с одним из лидеров французского музыкального авангарда П. Булезом, представителями американского авангарда: художником Р. Раушенбергом, хореографом М. Каннингемом и др. Творчество композитора открыло инновационный ключ новых стилистических изменений, проложивших путь современному искусству постмодерна, художественным запросам, возникшим в конце 1960-х гг., когда сама жизнь Дж. Кейджа определялась многочисленной и интенсивной дружбой с художниками авангардного сообщества. Композитор также радикально изменил восприятие музыки. Его музыкальные идеи во многом определили развитие не только новых тенденций в музыке, но и саму культуру послевоенного авангарда, а экспериментальное музыкальное творчество способствовало разрушению барьеров между такими сферами художественного производства, как музыка, живопись, исполнение танца и др., позволяя осуществляться новой междисциплинарной работе между различными видами искусств. Дж. Кейдж стремился рассматривать все виды звуков в качестве потенциально музыкальных, призывая аудиторию к принятию всех звуковых явлений как равноценных. Он осуществил революцию в музыке таким образом, чтобы сталовозможным сочинять и исполнять любую музыку, какую только можно себе представить, и утверждал, что необходимо стремиться к музыке, в которой звуки не просто звучат.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on the ideological, theoretical and experimental foundations of the work of one of the most radical composers of the American musical avant-garde of the 20th century, John Milton Cage (1912—1992), covering the embodiment field of the idea of free musical composition, where sound and noise, as well as sound and silence, are in equal position. There are also revealed Cage’s experiments, which influenced the world of dance, fine arts, theater, opera, alternative rock, as well as his relationship with one of the leaders of the French musical avant-garde, Pierre Boulez, and with representatives of the American avant-garde — the artist R. Rauschenberg, the choreographer M. Cunningham, and others. The composer’s creativity opened the innovative key of new stylistic changes that paved the way for the modern art of postmodernity, the artistic demands that arose in the late 1960s, when the very life of John Cage was determined by numerous and intense friendships with the artists of the avant-garde community. The composer also radically changed the perception of music. His musical ideas largely determined the development not only of new tendencies in music, but also of the culture of the postwar avant-garde, while the experimental musical creativity contributed to destruction of the barriers between various spheres of artistic production — such as music, painting, dance performance — allowing for a new interdisciplinary work between different arts. Cage sought to view all kinds of sounds as potentially musical, urging the audience to accept all sound phenomena as equal. He carried out a revolution in music, in such a way as to make it possible to compose and perform any imaginable music, and claimed that it was necessary to strive for the music in which sounds would not just sound. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>философия и эстетика музыки</kwd><kwd>музыкальный постмодернизм</kwd><kwd>американский музыкальный экспериментализм</kwd><kwd>принцип неопределенности</kwd><kwd>музыка шумов</kwd><kwd>инструментальный театр</kwd><kwd>синтез искусств</kwd><kwd>творчество композитора Дж. Кейджа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>philosophy and aesthetics of music</kwd><kwd>musical postmodernism</kwd><kwd>American musical experimentalism</kwd><kwd>principle of uncertainty</kwd><kwd>noise music</kwd><kwd>instrumental theatre</kwd><kwd>synthesis of arts</kwd><kwd>work of the composer J. 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