The Archetype of Ideal City in the Naive Painting of Russian Artists of the 20th Century

The archetype of ideal city is one of the most significant in the development of world culture due to the fact that the idea of perfect world order, embodied in a spatial image, has reflected from ancient times the most important value orientations of the cultures of the Middle Ages and the Modern Times, both of the West and of the East. In Russian culture, the archetype of ideal city is embodied in the images of the Heavenly Jerusalem and the City of Kitezh. We have chosen as an object of research the works of Russian naive artists of the 20th century, which allows us to trace the development dynamics of this archetype in modern Russian culture. The subject of the research is the embodiment and peculiar interpretation of the archetype of ideal city in the works of naive artists Pavel Petrovich Leonov (1920—2011), Vagan Yerevandovich Sakiyan (1926—2002), Yury Dmitryevich Deev (1944—1998). The aim is to identify culturally conditioned interpretations of the national archetypes of ideal city in the naive art of the twentieth century. The article also conducts a multi-level cultural research of the creative world of the naive artists P.P. Leonov, V.E. Sakiyan and Yu.D. Deev, revealing the most characteristic features of this art phenomenon. The study of national Russian culture involves referring to a number of works on cultural studies, philosophy, mythology, history, philology, folklore studies, etc., devoted to the issues of national archetypes. The analysis of the naive painting works by Russian artists is carried out on the basis of cultural-philosophical, comparative-historical, typological, and analytical approaches. The naive art as a cultural phenomenon of Russian culture is very little studied in modern science; meanwhile, it combines many different cultural-psychological, cultural-historical and socio-cultural phenomena.

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