Unpublished Poem of the 19th Century about Stephen of Perm, the Great Scribe of the 14th Century
https://doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2016-13-5-612-622
Abstract
The article introduces to the scientists an unpublished poem of the middle of the nineteenth century dedicated to the enlightener of the Komi region Stephen of Perm (died in 1396), who had created a new writing - the Old Perm alphabet (script) - in the course of Christianization of the local Finno-Ugric population. The analysis of the lengthy poetic text (about 1000 lines), written by an amateur poet, obviously a student of the local spiritual institution, leads to the conclusion that not only widely used he the local folklore tradition (at the time of writing of the poem yet unstudied), but was also familiar with the written monuments (“Zhitie Stefana Permskogo (The Life of Stephen of Perm)” written by his colleague Epiphanius the Wise in the end of the 14th - early 15th century, and its later editions, for example, the “Tale of Stephen of Perm” of the 18th century). The fact that the author of the poem was familiar with the monuments reflecting the ancient Komi written language is of special interest. Those monuments are the inscriptions on two icons of the 14th - 15th centuries, one of which is now lost. In addition, the text of the poem of Stephen of Perm and the baptism of the Komi-Zyrians was obviously influenced by the Russian poetry of the first half of the 19th century - the tales of A.S. Pushkin “The Dead Princess and the Seven Knights” and the tale of P.P. Yershov “Konyok-Gorbunok (The Humpbacked Horse)”.
References
1. Prokhorov G.M. (ed.) Svyatitel’ Stefan Permskii. K 600-letiyu so dnya prestavleniya [St. Stephen of Perm. To the 600th anniversary of his repose]. St. Petersburg, Glagol Publ., 1995, 278 p.
2. Khristianizatsiya Komi kraya i ee rol’ v razvitii gosudarstvennosti i kul’tury: Sbornik statei [Christianization of the Komi region and its role in the development of statehood and culture: Collection of articles]. Syktyvkar, Komi nauchnyi tsentr UrO RAN Publ., 1996, vol. 1—2.
3. Pamyati ravnoapostol’nogo Stefana. K 600-letiyu uspeniya sv. Stefana Permskogo: Materialy rashirennogo zasedaniya Uchenogo soveta Natsional’nogo muzeiya Respubliki Komi [To Equal-to-the-apostles Stephen Memory. To the 600th anniversary of repose of St. Stephen of Perm: Proc. meeting of the Academic Council of The National Museum of the Komi Republic]. Syktyvkar, Natsional’nyi muzei Respubliki Komi Publ., 2006, 72 p.
4. Kotylev A.Yu. Sotsiokulturnoe znachenie obraza I deyanii sviatitelya Stefana Permskogo v svete istoricheskikh analogii, Art, 2006, no. 4, pp. 105—127.
5. Limerov P.F. Obraz sv. Stefana Permskogo v pismennoi traditsii i fol’klore naroda komi [Image of St. Stephen of Perm in written tradition and in folklore of the people of the Komi]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2010, 256 p.
6. Chernetsov A.V. Posokh Stefana Permskogo, Trudy otdela drevnerusskoi literatury (Pushkinskogo Doma) [Works of the Department of Old Russian Literature (of Pushkin House)]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1988, vol. 41, pp. 215—240.
7. Kotylev A.Yu. Uchenie i obraz Stefana Permskogo v kul’ture Rusi / Rossii XIV—XXI vekov [Doctrine and image of Stephen of Perm in Old-Russian / Russian culture of the 14th —21st centuries]. Syktyvkar, Komi pedinstitut Publ., 2012, 218 p.
8. Vlasov A.N. (ed.) Povest o Stefane Permskom, Istoriya Permskoi eparkhii v pamyatnikakh pis’mennosti I ustnoi prozy: issledovaniya I materially [History of Perm diocese in writing monuments and verbal prose: Research and Materials]. Syktyvkar, Syktyvkarskii gos. universitet Publ., 1996, pp. 61—70.
9. Otdel rukopisei Rossiiskoi gosudarstvennoi biblioteki [Manuscript Department of the Russian State Library], coll. 178 (The museum’s Collection of Monuscripts), no. 2189, 26 p.
10. Otchet Moskovskogo Publichnogo i Rumyantsevskogo muzeev za 1879—1882 gg., predstavlennyi direktorom Muzeya g. ministru narodnogo prosveshcheniya [Report of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev museums for 1879—1882, presented by the director of the Museum to the Minister of Education]. Moscow, 1884, 159 p.
11. Kudriavtsev I.M. (ed.) Muzeinoe sobranie rukopisei GBL. Opisanie [The museum’s collection of manuscripts of the Lenin State Library. Description]. Moscow, 1961, vol. 1, 524 p.
12. Russkii biograficheskii slovar’ [Russian Biographical Dictionary]. St. Petersburg, 1910, vol. 14, Plavil’shchikov-Primo Publ., 800 p.
13. Otdel rukopisei Rossiiskoi gosudarstvennoi biblioteki [Manuscript Department of the Russian State Library], coll. 51 (A.E. Viktorov), K. 20, no. 32.
14. Pravoslavnye prikhody I monastyri Severa [Orthodox Parishes and Monasteries of the North]. Available at: http://parishes.mrezha.ru (accessed 17.08.2016).
15. Morozov B.N. Udorskaya zemlia, Territorial’naya istoriya Rossii. Novaya entsiklopediya proekta “Runivers” [Territorial history of Russia. New Encyclopedia Project “Runivers”]. Available at: http://www.runivers.ru/newenc/184877 (accessed 16.08.2016).
16. VychegodskoVymskaya (Misailo-Evtikheevskaya) letopis, Istoriko-filologicheskii sbornik [Historical and Philological collection]. Syktyvkar, Komi knizhnoePubl., 1958, vol. 4, 278 p.
17. Rochev Yu.G. (ed.) Komi legendy i predaniya [Komi legends]. Syktyvkar, Komi knizhnoe izdatel’stvo, 1984, 175 p.
18. “Gde Mezen’ slivaetsia s Iirvo, Munitsipal’nyi raion “Udorskii” [Municipal area “Udorskii”]. Available at: http://udora.info/novosti/item/102-gde-mezen-slivaetsya-s-jirvoj (accessed 18.08.2016).
19. Zverinskii V.V. Material dlia istoriko-topograficheskogo issledovaniya o pravoslavnykh monastyryakh v Rossiiskoi imperii [Materials for the historical and Topographical studies on orthodox Monasteries in the Russian Empire]. St. Petersburg, 1890, vol. 1 (Preobrazovaniya starykh i uchrezhdenie novykh monastyrei s 1764—1795 po 1 iyulya 1890 goda), 294 p.
20. Gnevushev A.M. (ed.) 1608 g. Pistsovaya kniga Yarenskogo uezda, Akty vremini pravleniya tsarya Vasiliya Shuiskogo (1606 g. 19 maya — 17 iyulya 1610 g.) [The acts of the reign of Tsar Vasily Shumsky (1606, May 19 — July 17, 1610)]. Moscow, OIDR Publ., 1914, 421 p.
21. Igushev A.R., Klenov M.V., Savel’eva E.A. Osadnye gorodki XV—XVII vv. na territorii Komi kraya [Siege City of the 15th—17th centuries. on the territory of the Komi region]. Syktyvkar, Komi nauchnyi tsentr UrO RAN Publ., 2000, 28 p.
22. Evropeiskii Severo-Vostok v period mezhduusobnykh voin XV veka, Istoriya Komi s drevneishikh vremen do kontsa XX veka [History of Komi from ancient times to the end of the 20th century]. Syktyvkar, Komi knizhnoe izdatel’stvo Publ., 2004, 558 p.
23. Nova acta Academiae Scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae. Petropolis, Typis Academiae Scientiarum Publ., 1790, vol. VI, 514 p.
24. Evgenii (Bolkhovitinov) bishop, O drevnostyakh vologodskikh i zyryanskikh, Vestnik Evropy [Herald of Europe], 1814, no. 15, p. 16.
25. Periodicheskoe sochinenie o uspekhakh narodnogo prosveshcheniya [Periodical essay about the success of public education]. St. Petersburg, Imperatorskaya Akademiya nauk Publ., 1813, no. 27, p. 260.
26. Lytkin G.S. Zyryanskii krai pri episkopakh Permskikh i zyryanskii yazyk [Zyriansky region of Perm Bishops and Zyryan Language]. St. Petersburg, Imperatorskaya Akademiya nauk Publ., 1889, 411 p.
27. Pamyatniki pismennosti v khranilishchakh Respubliki Komi. Katalog-putevoditel’ [Written Monuments in the Komi ASSR storage: Directory and Guide]. Syktyvkar, Natsional’nyi muzei Respubliki Komi Publ., 2013, part 1, vol. 2 (Rukopisnye knigi XV—XX vekov v sobranii Natsional’nogo muzeiya Respubliki Komi), 489 p.
28. Morozov B.N. Novye pamyatniki drevnei komi pis’mennosti kontsa XV — nachala XVI v., Muzei i kraevedenie. Trudy Natsional’nogo muzeiya Respubliki Komi [Museum and local history. Works of the National Museum of the Komi Republic]. Syktyvkar, 2007, vol. 6, 348 p.
29. Morozov B.N., Simonov R.A. Ob otkrytii tsyfrovoi sistemy Stefana Permskogo (XIV v.), Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki [History of Science and Technology Questions], 2008, no. 1, pp. 3—21.
30. Morozov B.N., Simonov R.A. K probleme istochnikov drevnepermskoi pis’mennosti Stefana Permskogo (okolo 1340—1396), Drevnyaya Rus’. Voprosy medievistiki [Ancient Russia. Questions of medievalism], 2009, no. 1(35), pp. 5—16.
31. Ershov, Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ Brokgausa i Efrona [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]. St. Petersburg, 1894, vol. 22, p. 680.
Review
For citations:
Morozov B.N. Unpublished Poem of the 19th Century about Stephen of Perm, the Great Scribe of the 14th Century. Observatory of Culture. 2016;13(5):612-622. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2016-13-5-612-622
Views:
875
Email this article 