Quantitative Analysis of the Cultural Industry in the Russian Federation in 1990—2018

There is a clear need to consider the cultural industry as a holistic system that emerged as a result of the relationships and interactions of different markets. The cultural industry is becoming a model for understanding the changes in other areas of human activity. This is a consequence of the increasing role of symbolic creativity and (or) information in social and economic life. The article analyzes the conceptual apparatus of the system of cultural services. There are revealed the apparatus’s existing imperfections, which can be eliminated under the condition of legislative regulation. This research is purposed to conduct a quantitative analysis of the functioning of Russian cultural institutions in modern conditions. The cultural industry is a complex business structure interested in making a profit by producing and distributing cultural texts. The results of the last 25 years of Russian cultural history are reflected in the figures given. The analysis showed that, in general, the number of cultural institutions tends to decrease. Only the number of theatre-goers and museum visitors has increased, while other segments of the cultural sphere have reduced their numbers. The most stable are the performance indicators of children’s music schools. The functioning specifics analysis allowed to identify the dominant trends in the development of the modern Russian cultural industry, which systematically change its design, landscape and principles of operation. These are exogenous structural transformations, endogenous processes of culture, and transformations in the field of financing and administration by the state. The article notes that promising directions of the cultural industry development should include its transformation, aimed at meeting the needs of the market and the state, and contribute to the formation of a national economy congruent with the needs of the consumers. Basing on the findings of the research, it is possible to forecast the cultural industry development and further elaborate the set of mechanisms supporting it, which will create prerequisites for the revival of the regional economy and sustainable economic growth of the Russian Federation.

1. Barro R.J., McCleary R.M. Religion and Economic Growth across Countries, American Sociological Review, 2003, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 760—781.

2. Fernandez R. Women, Work, and Culture, Journal of the European Economic Association, 2008, no. 5, pp. 305—332.

3. Fernandez R. Culture and Economics, New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Basingstoke, New York, Palgrave Macmillan Publ., 2008, pp. 1—10.

4. Franke R.H., Hofstede G., Bond M.H. Cultural Roots of Economic Performance: A research Note, Strategic Management Journal, 1991, vol. 12, no. S1, pp. 165—173.

5. Guiso L., Sapienza P., Zingales L. Culture Biases in Economic Exchange? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2009, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 1095—1131.

6. Granato J., Inglehart R., Leblang D. The Effect of Cultural Alues on Economic Development: Theory, Hypotheses, and Some Empirical Tests, American Journal of Political Science, 1996, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 625—628.

7. Harrison L.E. Underdevelopment Is Just a State of Mind: The Latin American Case. Lanham, MD, University Press of America Publ., 1992, 192 p.

8. Harrison L.E. Who Prospers? How Cultural Values Shape Economic and Political Success. New York, HarperCollins Publ., Basic Books Publ.,1992, 288 p.

9. Luttmer E., Singhal M. Culture, Context, and the Taste for Redistribution, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2011, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 157—179.

10. Noland M. Religion and Economic Performance, World Development, 2005, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1215—1232.

11. Pryor F.L. Cultural Riles: A Note on Economic Systems and Values, Journal of Economic Systems Values, 2008, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 510—515.

12. Swank D. Culture, Institutions, and Economic Growth: Theory, Recent Evidence, and the Role of Communitarian Polities, American Journal of Political Science, 1996, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 660—679.

13. Tabelliti G. Institutions and Culture, Journal of the European Economic Association, 2008, vol. 6, no. 2—3, pp. 255—294.

14. Tabellini G. Culture and Institutions: Economic Development in the Regions of Europe, Journal of the European Economic Association, 2010, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 677—716.

15. Beugelsdijk S., Maseland R. Culture in Economics: History, Methodological Reflections, and Contemporary Applications. St. Petersburg, 2016, 446 p. (in Russ.).

16. Bourdieu P. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Cambridge, Polity Press Publ., 1993, 279 p.

17. Throsby D. Economics and Culture. Moscow, Vysshei Shkoly Ekonomiki Publ., 2013, 256 p. (in Russ.).

18. Benjamin W. Proizvedenie iskusstva v epokhu ego tekhnicheskoi vosproizvodimosti [The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction]. Moscow, Nemetskii Kul’turnyi Tsentr im. Gete Publ., Medium Publ., 1996, 240 p.

19. Adorno T.W. Culture Industry Reconsidered, Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. London, New York, 2005, pp. 98—106.

20. Bernstein J.M. Introduction, Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. London, New York, 2005, pp. 1—28.

21. Held D. Introduction to Critical Theory. Berkeley, Los Angeles, University of California Press Publ., 1980, 511 p.

22. Muzychuk V.Yu. Gosudarstvennaya podderzhka kul’tury. Resursy, mekhanizmy, instituty [State Support for Culture: Resources, Mechanisms, Institutions]. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2013, 280 p.

23. Muzychuk V.Yu. Government and Funding, Observatoriya kul’tury [Observatory of Culture], 2013, no. 1, pp. 46—56 (in Russ.).

24. Rubinshtein A.Ya. (ed.) Ekonomicheskie aspekty kul’turnoi deyatel’nosti. Individual’nye predpochteniya i obshchestvennyi interes: v 3 t. [Economic Aspects of Cultural Activities. Individual Preferences and Public Interest. In 3 volumes]. St. Petersburg, Aleteiya Publ., 2002.

25. Malshina N.A. Development of Cultural Services in the Context of Modern Economic Relations in Russia, RISK: Resursy, Informatsiya, Snabzhenie, Konkurentsiya [RISK: Resources, Information, Supply, Competition], 2014, no. 4, pp. 188—193 (in Russ.).

26. Romanova V.V., Matskevich A.V. Byudzhetnye raskhody v sfere kul’tury i kinematografii: analiz sostoyaniya i dinamiki [Budget Expenditures in the Sphere of Culture and Cinematography: Analysis of the State and Dynamics]. Moscow, NIU VShE Publ., 2013, 111 p.

27. Analysis of Trends in the Fiscal Sphere of Russia, Nauchno-issledovatel’skoe ob’’edinenie REU im. G.V. Plekhanova [Plekhanov Russian University of Economics], 2018, no. 14. Available at: https://www.rea.ru/ru/Pages/analiz-tendencij-v-budzhetno-nalogovoj-sfere-rossii.aspx (accessed 12.02.2020) (in Russ.).

28. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki. Regiony Rossii. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli — 2017 g. [Federal State Statistics Service. Regions of Russia. Socio-Economic Indicators — 2017]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b17_14p/Main.htm (accessed 12.02.2020).

29. Rossiya v tsifrakh 2018: Krat. stat. sb. [Russia in Numbers 2018: statistical digest]. Moscow, 2018, 522 p. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/rusfig/rus18.pdf (accessed 12.02.2020).