Reflection of the Ideolo­gical Diversity of I.S. Lukash’s Works in his Di­logy “The House of the Dead” and “The Devil”

The article is devoted to the works of I.S. Lukash, a significant writer of the first wave of emigration, that were published abroad in Russian. Previous literary criticism comprehended I.S. Lukash’s works fragmentary, sometimes one-sided, sometimes biased. The aim of the article is to complete two tasks: to trace the creative evolution of I.S. Lukash; to formulate and substantiate the hypothesis of appropriateness to unite in a dilogy his mystery “The Devil” and his poem “The House of the Dead”, never considered separately before. These tasks caused the structuring of the article into sections, of which the first is devoted to the ideological and thematic evolution of I.S. Lukash as a writer, the second — to the hypothetical unity of the mystery “Devil” and the poem “The House of the Dead”. With the help of catalogs and collections of the largest libraries in Russia and abroad, the article identifies and engages foreign publications of I.S. Lukash’s work in Russian. On the basis of this material, there is performed an analysis of the ideological diversity of I.S. Lukash’s works. The article reveals the main range of narrative themes, the genre diversity, the author’s individuality, the uniqueness of philosophical vision. There is traced the evolution of I.S. Lukash’s works, in which three main chronological stages are distinguished: ego-futuristic, military-patriotic, “St. Petersburg”.

From I.S. Lukash’s creative heritage, the article, for the first time, pays special attention to the mystery “The Devil” and the poem “The House of the Dead”, and emphasizes the genre originality of both the works. In the context of the identified ideological evolution of I.S. Lukash’s works at various levels — chronological, genre, textual, narrative, philosophical — there is examined the hypothesis of appropriateness to unite the two works into a conventional dilogy. The conclusion notes the up-to-date relevance of both the works by I.S. Lukash.

1. Lukash I.S. Tsvety yadovitye [Poisonous Flowers]. St. Petersburg, I. Fleitmana Publ., 1910, 6 p.

2. Lukash I.S. From the Answer to the Question of the Gallipoli Society: “What Do You Think of Gallipoli? What Is the Significance of Gallipoli for the Russian Army and Emigration? Zhivym i gordym [To Those Living and Proud]. Belgrade, Obshchestvo Gallipoliitsev Publ., 1923, 39 p.

3. Lukash I.S. Goloe pole: (Kniga o Gallipoli): 1921 g. [The Bare Field: (A Book about Gallipoli): 1921]. Sofia, Balkan Publ., 1922, 77 p.

4. Turkul A.V. Drozdovtsy v ogne: zhivye rasskazy i materialy [The Drozdovtsy in Fire: Live Stories and Materials]. Belgrade, Svetlost Publ., 1937, 324 p.

5. Plevitskaya N.V. Dezhkin karagod. 1925—1930. Ch. 1. Moi put’ k pesne [The Dezhkin Karagod. 1925—1930. Part 1. My Way to Song]. Berlin, 1925, 109 p.

6. Lukash I.S. Literary Profile, Chisla [Numbers], Société Nouvelle d’Éditions Franco-Slaves Publ., 1930, book 2—3, 334 p. (in Russ.).

7. Chantsev A.V. Lukash Ivan Sozontovich, Russkie pisateli 1800-1917: Biograficheskii slovar’ [Russian Writers 1800—1917: Biographical Dictionary]. Moscow, Bol’shaya Rossiiskaya Entsiklopediya Publ. 1994, vol. 3: K—M, 592 p.

8. Lukash I.S. Pozhar Moskvy [The Fire of Moscow]. Paris, Vozrozhdenie Publ., 328 p.

9. Lukash I.S. Strana ottsov [The Fathers’ Land]. Fischbeck, Edinenie Publ., 1947, 75 p.

10. Lukash I.S. Veter Karpat: roman [The Wind of the Carpathians: novel]. Vozrozhdenie Publ., 1938, 124 p.

11. Lukash I.S. Priest Andrella: Essay, Putyami istorii: Obshcherusskoe natsional’noe, dukhovnoe i kul’turnoe edinstvo na osnovanii dannykh nauki i zhizni [Through the Ways of History: The All-Russian National, Spiritual and Cultural Unity Based on the Data of Science and Life]. New York, Svobodnoe Slovo Karpatskoi Rusi Publ., vol. 1, 1977, pp. 136—139 (in Russ.).

12. Gornyi S. Saint Petersburg, Milavida Publ., 54 p. (in Russ.).

13. Lukash I.S. Thunderstorm, Kolos: Russkie pisateli russkomu yunoshestvu [The Spike: Russian Writers to Russian Youth]. Chaville, Obshchezhitie dlya Russkikh Mal’chikov v Shavile Publ., 1928, 135 p. (in Russ.).

14. Lukash I.S. Serebryansky Region, Invalid: Literaturnyi sbornik [Invalid: Literary Collection]. Paris, 1934, 32 p.

15. Lukash I.S. Chort na gauptvakhte: Tri peterburgskikh istorii [The Devil in the Guardhouse: Three Petersburg Stories]. Berlin, E.A. Gutnova Publ., 1922, 98 p.

16. Lukash I.S. Dvortsovye grenadery [The Palace Grenadiers]. Paris, Vozrozhdenie Publ., 135 p.

17. Lukash I.S. Sny Petra: Trilogiya v rasskazakh [Peter’s Dreams: A Trilogy of Stories]. Belgrade, 1931, 197 p.

18. Lukash I.S. Serzhanty Bombardii: Istoricheskie rasskazy [Sergeants of Bombardia: Historical Stories], 31 p.

19. Lukash I.S. Graf Kaliostro: Povest’ o filosofskom kamne, velikikh rozenkreitserakh, volshebnom zolote, moskovskom bakalavre i o prochikh slavnykh i chudesnykh priklyucheniyakh, byvshikh v Sankt-Peterburge v 1782 godu [Count Cagliostro: The Story about the Philosopher’s Stone, the Great Rosicrucians, the Magic Gold, the Bachelor of Moscow, and Other Glorious and Wonderful Adventures That Happened in St. Petersburg in 1782]. Berlin, Arzamas Publ., 1925, 152 p.

20. Lukash I.S. Bednaya lyubov’ Musorgskogo [Mussorgsky’s Poor Love]. Paris, Vozrozhdenie Publ., 1940, 186 p.

21. Lukash I.S. Metelitsa: Fantasmagoricheskoe priklyuchenie sankt-peterburgskogo chinovnika v 9-ti kartinakh s prologom i epilogom [The Blizzard: A Phantasmagorical Adventure of a St. Petersburg Clerk in 9 Scenes with Prologue and Epilogue]. Riga, Mir Publ., 1931, 85 p.

22. Lukash I.S. Bel-tsvet: novel, Mednyi Vsadnik Publ., 306 p. (in Russ.).

23. Lukash I.S. V’yuga: roman [The Snowstorm: novel]. Paris, Vozrozhdenie Publ., 1936, 253 p.

24. Lukash I.S. D’yavol: misteriya [The Devil: mystery]. Berlin, Trud Publ., 1922, 148 p.

25. Lukash I.S. Bednaya lyubov’ Musorgskogo [Mussorgsky’s Poor Love]. Washington, Victor Kamkin Publ., 1967, 194 p.

26. Lukash I.S. Dom usopshikh: poema [The House of the Dead: poem]. Berlin, Mednyi Vsadnik Publ., 1923, 187 p.

27. Lukash I.S. The Sovereign: poem, Vereteno: Literaturno-khudozhestvennyi al’manakh [The Spindle: Literary and Artistic Almanac]. Berlin, Otto Kirkhner i K° Publ., 1922, book 1, 248 p.

28. Filin M.D. Looking for a Genuine Russia, Lukash I.S. Sochineniya: v 2 kn. [Lukash I.S. Works: in 2 books]. Moscow, Intelvak Publ., 2000, vol. 1. Pozhar Moskvy [The Fire of Moscow], 575 p. (in Russ.).

29. Sproge L. The Pushkin Myth of Ivan Lukash, Pushkinskie chteniya v Tartu 2: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii 18—20 sentyabrya 1998 g. [Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference “Pushkin Readings in Tartu 2” (September 18—20, 1998)]. Tartu, 2000, pp. 331—343 (in Russ.).

30. Lavrinets M.P. I.S. Lukash in the Berlin-Kaunas Weekly “Echo”, Russko-latyshskie literaturnye kontakty. Vyp. 2: Ivan Lukash: priblizhenie k tvorchestvu [Russian-Latvian Literary Contacts. Issue 2: Ivan Lukash: Approaching Creativity]. Daugavpils, Daugavpils Universitātes izdevniecība “Saule”, 2006, pp. 33—45 (in Russ.).

31. Serkov A.I. Masonskaya lozha Velikii Svet Severa i russkie pisateli (1922—1933 gg.) [“The Great Light of the North” Masonic Lodge and Russian Writers (1922—1933)]. Available at: https://memphis-misraim.ru/library/articles/masonskaya-lozha-velikii-svet-severa-i-russkie-pisateli/ (accessed 27.08.2019).

32. Troyanovsky A.V. (ed.) Predskazatel’noe taro, ili Klyuch vsyakogo roda kartochnykh gadanii [The Predictive Tarot, or the Key of Any Kind of Card Divination]. St. Petersburg, D.A. Naumov Publ., 1912, 211 p. (Kniga tain i tainy knigi [The Book of Secrets, and the Secrets of Book]).

33. Lukash I.S. Rok imperii: sochineniya 1924—1940 gg. [The Doom of the Empire: Works 1924—1940]. Moscow, Sport i Kul’tura Publ., 2016, 509 p.