THE FATE OF THE MAIN ICONOSTASIS OF THE CHURCH OF THREE HIERARCHS AT THE RED GATE

The article is devoted to the history of rescuing from destruction in the 1920s, during the era of revolutionary transformations in Russia, of a magnificent work of the Old Russian art, six-tiered baroque iconostasis, created by icon-painters of the circle of the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin for the Church of Three Hierarchs at the Red Gate in Moscow in the beginning of the 18th century. The names of the specialists related to preservation of the main iconostasis of the destroyed Church of Three Hierarchs were newly revealed, and the dates of the Church’s closing and demolishing, the iconostasis’ transportation and handover were verified as well, using the results of research work and archival searches, based on the analysis and comparison of numerous archival documents. The main moments of the dramatic struggle for salvation of the Church of Three Hierarchs, the Red Gate and the main iconostasis of the Church are reflected in the article. There is shown how, in the difficult and dangerous conditions of confrontation of the church and the Bolshevik power, the process of transferring of the main treasure of the Church was organized, as well as who and when transported the iconostasis to the Church of St. John the Warrior in Yakimanka Street. The article reviews the selfless work and the heroic deeds of the art historians, architects and restorers, thanks to whose efforts this remarkable monument of carving and painting was saved.

1. Galashevich A.A., Kolpakova G.S. Tserkov’ Ioanna Voina na Yakimanke. T. 1, 2. Moskva, 1997 [Church of St. John the Warrior in Yakimanka Street. Vol. 1, 2. Moscow, 1997], Arkhiv tserkvi Ioanna Voina (ATsIV) [Archive of the Church of St. John the Warrior], coll. w/o no.

2. Galashevich A.A., Kolpakova G.S. Skladen’-moshchevik 1775 g. iz tserkvi Ioanna Voina, chto na Yakimanke [The Folding Reliquary of 1775 from the Church of St. John the Warrior in Yakimanka Street], IV Grabarevskie chteniya. Drevnerusskoe iskusstvo [The 4th Grabar Readings. Old Russian Art]. Moscow, 1999, pp. 236—245.

3. Palamarchuk P. Sorok sorokov. V 4 t. [Forty Times Forty. In 4 volumes]. Moscow, Kniga i Biznes Publ., Krom Publ., 1994, vol. 2, 646 p.

4. Snegiryov I.M. Krasnye vorota v Moskve [The Red Gate in Moscow], Russkie dostopamyatnosti [Russian Memorabilia]. Moscow, 1880, vol. 3, pp. 1—20.

5. K al’bomu. Dnevniki i fotografii N.D. Vinogradova [To the Album. The Diaries and Photos of N.D. Vinogradov], Moskva, kotoroi net: Istoriko-kul’turologicheskii proekt o staroi Moskve [The Moscow That No Longer Exists: The Historical and Cultural Project on the Old Moscow]. Available at: http://moskva.kotoroy.net/blog/510.html (accessed 05.10.2017).

6. Kulchinskaya E.D., Rytsarev K.V., Shchenkov A.S. Pa¬myatniki arkhitektury v Sovetskom Soyuze: Ocherki istorii arkhitekturnoi restavratsii [Monuments of Architecture in the Soviet Union. Essays on the History of Architectu-

7. ral Restoration]. Moscow, Pamyatniki Istoricheskoi Mysli Publ., 2004, 696 p.

8. Tsentral’nye Gosudarstvennye Restavratsionnye Masterskie (TsGRM). Pereplanirovka Moskvy. Protokoly zasedanii komissii o snose zdanii: 1) Krasnykh vorot; 2) tserkvi Trekh Svyatitelei. 1926—1928 gg. [Central State Restoration Workshops. Redevelopment of Moscow. The Minutes of Meetings of the Commission for Demolition of the Buildings: 1) The Red Gate; 2) The Church of Three Hierarchs. 1926—1928], Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv goroda Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow City], coll. R1, aids 9, fol. 116.

9. Tsentral’nye Gosudarstvennye Restavratsionnye Masterskie (TsGRM). Protokoly zasedanii komissii po ar-

10. khitekturnoi restavratsii. 1927 g. [Central State Restoration Workshops. The Minutes of Meetings of the Commission for Architectural Restoration. 1927], Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv goroda Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow City], coll. R1, aids 9, fol. 10.

11. Tsentral’nye Gosudarstvennye Restavratsionnye Masterskie (TsGRM). O slomke i ispol’zovanii arkhitekturnykh sooruzhenii RSFSR (1927—1928) [Central State Restoration Workshops. On Breaking and Using of Architectural Constructions of the RSFSR (1927—1928)], Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv goroda Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow City], coll. R1, aids 9, fol. 38.

12. Rogozina M.G. Nikolai Nikolaevich Lebedev — fotograf pamyatnikov arkhitektury Moskvy [Nikolai Nikolaevich Lebedev — Photographer of Architectural Monuments of Moscow], Fotografiya v muzee: sb. dokl. konf. (16—18 maya 2017 g.) [Proceedings of the Conf. “Photography in Museum” (May 16—18, 2017)]. St. Petersburg, 2017, pp. 101—104.

13. Galashevich A.A., Maksimova G.A., Polunina K.S.

14. Khram svyatogo muchenika Ioanna Voina, chto na Yakimanke v Moskve [Church of St. John the Warrior in Yakimanka Street in Moscow]. Moscow, Severnyi Palomnik Publ., 2011, 332 p.

15. Bychkov Yu.A., Baranovskaya O.P., Desyatnikov V.A., Ponomaryov A.M. (eds). Petr Baranovskii. Trudy, vospominaniya sovremennikov [Pyotr Baranovsky. The Works, Memories of Contemporaries]. Moscow, Otchii Dom Publ., 1996, 280 p.

16. TsGRM. Protokoly zasedanii komissii po arkhitektur¬noi restavratsii. 1928 g. [Central State Restoration Workshops. The Minutes of Meetings of the Commission for Architectural Restoration. 1928], Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv goroda Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow City], coll. R1, aids 9, fol. 11.

17. MONO, Muzeinyi podotdel. Akty postuplenii predmetov v fond muzeev. Akt № 14 ot 7 aprelya 1928 g. [Moscow Department of Public Education, Museum Subdepartment. The Acts of Receipt of Items in Museum Collections. Act no. 14 of April 7, 1928], Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Moskovskoi oblasti (TsGAMO) [Central State Archive of the Moscow Region], coll. 966, aids 4, fol. 1059, pp. 54—55.

18. Burenkova E.V. Iz istorii komplektovaniya fondov drevnerusskogo iskusstva Tret’yakovskoi galerei [From the History of Formation of the Collection of Old Russian Art of the Tretyakov Gallery], Tret’yakovskie chte¬niya — 2014: materialy otchet. nauch. konf. [The Tretyakov Readings — 2014: Proc. Sci Conf.]. Moskva, 2015. S. 58—83.

19. Moskovskoe Imperatorskoe arkheologicheskoe obshchestvo. Metrika № 144. Tserkov’ Ioanna Voina za Kaluzhskimi vorotami. 1889 g. [Moscow Imperial Archaeological Society. Metric no. 144. The Church of St. John the Warrior at the Kaluga Gate. 1889], Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv goroda Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow City], coll. 454, aids 3, fol. 55, pp. 91—95.

20. Opis’ tserkvi i tserkovno-bogosluzhebnogo imushchestva pri moskovskoi Ioannovoinskoi, na Yakimanke, bliz Kaluzhskikh vorot, tserkovno-prikhodskoi obshchine. 25 oktyabrya 1918 g. [The Inventory of Church and Ecclesiastical Property of the Moscow Parish Community of the Church of John the Warrior on Yakimanka, near the Kaluga Gate. October 25, 1918], Arkhiv tserkvi Ioanna Voina (ATsIV) [Archive of the Church of St. John the Warrior], coll. w/o no.

21. Glazunov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Khudozhniki na¬rodov SSSR: biobibliograficheskii slovar’. V 6 t. [Artists of the Peoples of the USSR: Biobibliographic Dictionary. In 6 volumes]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1976, vol. 3, p. 48.

22. Danchenko E.A., Krasilin M.M. Materialy k slovaryu ikonopistsev XVII—XX vekov (po dannym obsledovanii tserkovnykh i drugikh kollektsii 1973—1993 gg.) [Materials for the Dictionary of Icon Painters of the 17th—20th Centuries (According to the Data of Investigation of Church and Other Collections of 1973—1993)]. Moscow, 1994, no. 35: Glazunov Aleksandr Aleksandro¬vich, pp. 8—9.

23. Akt ot 10 avgusta 1928 g. [Act of August 10, 1928], Arkhiv tserkvi Ioanna Voina (ATsIV) [Archive of the Church of St. John the Warrior]. Coll. w/o no.

24. Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv goroda Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow City], coll. R1, aids 10, fol. 233, pp. 2—3.